WB: If Kenya acts now, children born today could be healthier, wealthier, more productive

Kenya has been ranked the second top country in terms of delivering better outcomes in children’s health and learning, which can significantly boost the incomes of people—and of countries—with returns far into the future.

According to new World Bank research released on Thursday, Kenya has been ranked at position 94 after Seychelles at 43rd.

The Human Capital Index, launched at the World Bank-IMF Annual Meetings, shows that a child born in Kenya today will be 52% as productive when she grows up as she could be if she enjoyed complete education and full health.

In terms of Probability of Survival to Age 5, it indicates that 95 out of 100 children born
in Kenya survive to age 5.

On education, a child who starts school at age 4 in Kenya, can expect to complete 10.7 years of school by her 18th birthday, it says, adding that when test scores are harmonised, students in Kenya score 455 on a scale where 625 represents advanced attainment and 300 represents minimum attainment.

Still on education, factoring in what children actually learn, expected years of school is only 7.8
years.

On health, the report, shows that across Kenya, 79% of 15-year olds will survive until age 60. This statistic is a proxy for the range of fatal and non-fatal health outcomes that a child born today would experience as an adult under current conditions.

As a result of increased investments in health, the HCI report says 74 out of 100 children are not stunted. 26 out of 100 children are stunted, and so at risk of cognitive and physical limitations that can last a lifetime.

On the flip side, the report shows that  Africa – despite boasting the fastest growing population – is doing worst when it comes to investing in young people. Chad at 157th is the lowest ranked country and 21 of the bottom 25 countries are in Africa including Nigeria (152nd), Uganda (137th) and Ethiopia (135th).

Generally, the report, shows that 56% of children born today across the world will lose more than half their potential lifetime earnings because governments are not currently making effective investments in their people to ensure a healthy, educated, and resilient population ready for the workplace of the future.

Human capital—the knowledge, skills, and health that people accumulate over their lives—has been a key factor behind the sustained economic growth and poverty reduction rates of many countries in the 20^th century, especially East Asia.

“For the poorest people, human capital is often the only capital they have,” World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim said. “Human capital is a key driver of sustainable, inclusive economic growth, but investing in health and education has not gotten the attention it deserves. This index creates a direct line between improving outcomes in health and education, productivity, and economic growth. I hope that it drives countries to take urgent action and invest more – and more effectively – in their people.

“The bar is rising for everyone,” Kim added. “Building human capital is critical for all countries, at all income levels, to compete in the economy of the future.”

“The Human Capital Index measures the amount of human capital that a child born today can expect to attain by age 18, given the risks of poor health and education that prevail in the country where he or she lives. The Index measures each country’s distance to the frontier of complete education and full health for a child born today. The measure includes:

o   Survival – Will children born today survive to school age?

o   School   – How much schooling will they complete and how much will they learn?

o   Health   – Will they leave school in good health, ready for further learning and/or work as adults?

The HCI reflects the productivity as a future worker of a child born today, compared with what it could be if he or she had full health and complete, high-quality education, on a scale from zero to one, with 1 as the best possible score.  A country score of 0.5, for example, means that individuals – and the country as a whole – are forgoing half their future economic potential. Calculated over 50 years, this translates into deep economic losses: a 1.4% annual loss in GDP growth.

The Index ranks where each country is now in terms of productivity of the next generation of workers. In countries like Azerbaijan, Ecuador, Mexico, and Thailand, children born today would be 40% more productive as workers in the future if they enjoyed complete education and full health. In countries like Morocco, El Salvador, Tunisia and Kenya, 50% more.

Sex-disaggregated data is available for 126 of the Index’s 157 countries For this subset of countries, both boys’ and girls’ human capital is still far from the frontier of potential human capital accumulation. In most countries, the human capital gap for both boys and girls from the frontier is larger than the gap between boys and girls. In Kenya, such data is not available.

Evidence shows that progress is possible. Poland enacted education reforms between 1990 and 2015, and experienced one of the fastest improvements in PISA scores in OECD countries.  Vietnam recently topped the OECD average PISA score. Malawi succeeded in reducing its rate of stunting by nearly 20 percentage points in under two decades. But the index shows much more needs to be done.

The Index is part of the World Bank Group’s Human Capital Project, which recognises human capital as driver of inclusive growth.  In addition to the Index, the Human Capital Project includes a program to strengthen research and measurement on human capital, as well as support to countries to accelerate progress in human capital outcomes.

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Some 28 countries spanning various regions and income levels, among them Kenya have expressed advance interest in participating in the Project and have nominated focal points within their governments to work with the World Bank Group. These countries have begun work on elevating human capital policy dialogue across their government line ministries and identifying national priorities for accelerating progress on human capital, based on each country’s own development plans.

The Index is included in the forthcoming World Development Report 2019 on the Changing Nature of Work, which addresses the importance of investing in human capital to prepare for the future of work.