Researchers from the University of Birmingham, the University of Nottingham, and the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) will investigate the importance of immune cells and immune signals in male patients in Kenya and the UK.
The international team is backed by a Ksh 84 million (£660,000) research grant jointly awarded by the UK Medical Research Council and the Kenyan National Research Fund.
In previous work, the team discovered that a protein called PRH stops prostate cells from replicating and invading other tissues. They showed that PRH controls the activity of many genes important in allowing prostate cells to respond to signals from immune cells and that as prostate cancer becomes more advanced the activity of PRH is decreased.
The new project will see researchers finding out how changes in the levels and activity of PRH alter the response of prostate cells to immune signals. The team will collect blood, urine, and prostate tissue samples to determine PRH protein levels in men in Kenya and in the UK. They will also measure the levels of inflammatory signals and immune cells in the blood samples.
Project leader Dr Sheela Jayaraman, from the University of Birmingham Cancer and Genomic Sciences, said: “This project is the result of many years of work in this area and I am excited that we are joining forces with colleagues in Nottingham and Kenya to investigate this disease.
“Radiotherapy and drug treatments are effective treatments for patients with moderately advanced disease, but have serious side effects including osteoporosis and bone fracture. In less advanced cases treatment may be unnecessary as the cancer is unlikely to spread. Better ways of identifying patients who need treatment and better treatments would be of immense value to patients and result in major cost savings.”
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men and this disease has a particularly high incidence in men of African origin. Around 47,000 new cases are diagnosed each year in the UK and this is increasing as men live longer. The incidence of prostate cancer in Kenya and other low- and middle-income countries is also rising and in these countries the cost of treatment and the cost of lives lost to this disease are major barriers to economic development. Inflammation in the prostate is common and an important factor in prostate cancer, but inflammation can have many causes including bacterial and viral infections and autoimmune responses.
Professor Kevin Gaston, from the University of Nottingham (UoN) Cancer Centre said: “Prostate cancer is a global problem and we are proud to be part of this new international project. This work will tell us whether measuring levels of immune signals in blood and PRH in prostate cancer might be a good way to predict which patients require treatment.”
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Dr Veronica Manduku, Deputy Director of KEMRI, said: “This work to explore the role of PRH and inflammatory markers among prostate cancer patients will help us to eventually develop strategies to tailor treatments to those that require it most rather than provide blanket treatments. This will also help us manage costs of care.’’
